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Vol. 8 No. 1 - (March 2023)

DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.81001

Optimal Sensor Placement Strategy for Event Monitoring in Smart Homes

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Khaled Mohammed1

Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 1-29

Abstract:

Optimal sensor placement in smart homes aims at complete coverage, cost reduction and minimization of energy consumption. This paper presents a heuristic strategy for sensor placement through cooperation of multiple sensors. Wireless cams, passive infrared sensors (PIRs) and RFIDs cooperate through a master gateway. Algorithms are presented for the cooperative control of the smart home environment. First time using Minimum Ratio (MR) algorithm in smart home. System performance is evaluated through intensive use in a real home setting. Results indicated complete coverage of home areas, optimal number of sensors and high savings in both energy consumption and video-storage requirements.

Keywords:

SMEs, integrated systems, risk management, information security, business continuity, Internet of things, smart homes, optimal sensor placement, Minimum Ratio, and cooperative control..

Full Text:

References:

  1. State of the Smart Home, Icontrol State of the Smart Home 2015, “https://www.icontrol.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Smart_ Home_Report_2015.pdf”, Last visited 22-10-2016 .
  2. L. Kurkinen, “Smart Homes and Home Automation”, M2M Research Series, Berg Insight, 2016.
  3. J. Lifton , M. Feldmeier , Y. Ono , C. Lewis , J. A. Paradiso , “A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments”, international conference on information processing in sensor networks, IPSN ’07. ACM, New York, pp 119–127. doi:10.1145/1236360.1236377], 2017.
  4. L. Brian, S. A. ThomasEmail, J. C. CrandallDiane, “A Genetic Algorithm approach to motion sensor placement in smart environments”, Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp 3–16, April 2016.
  5. J. Ranieri, A. Chebira , M. Vetterli, “Near-optimal sensor placement for linear inverse problems”, IEEE Trans Signal Process, 62(5):1135–1146. doi:10.1109/TSP.2014.2299518, 2014.
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  7. C. Guestrin ,A. Krause ,A. P. Singh, “ Near-optimal sensor placements in gaussian processes”, Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on machine learning, ICML ’05. ACM, New York, pp 265–272. doi:10.1145/1102351.1102385, 2005 .
  8. A. Krause, C. Guestrin , A. Gupta , J. Kleinberg , “Near-optimal sensor placements: maximizing information while minimizing communication cost”, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on information processing in sensor networks, IPSN ’06. ACM, New York, pp 2–10. doi:10.1145/1127777.1127782. 2006.
  9. M. Fanti, M. Roccotelli, J. Lesage, G. Faraut. “Motion Detector Placement Optimization in Smart Homes for Inhabitant Location Tracking”, ETFA'16: 21st IEEE Int. Conf. on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Berlin, Germany. Sep 2016.
  10. S. Khan, M. Shah, “Consistent labeling of tracked objects in multiple cameras with overlapping fields of view”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1355–1360, 2003.
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DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.81002

A Multimodal Wireless System for Instant Quizzing and Feedback

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Khaled Mohammed1

Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 30-47

Abstract:

This paper presents a wireless system for instant quizzing in the classroom and collecting students’ feedback on teachers performance. This system is integrated with a student attendance management system to facilitate management of quizzing and quiz marking in addition to questionnaires about Quizzes. Such a system is very essential for following attendance and student learning progress in addition to formative assessment. The system uses two communication technologies: Wifi, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Such a low-cost system assures attendance follow up to assure abiding by the university bylaws, avoid spoofing and cheating, and enhance both teaching and learning. A student recommendation system is also implemented to increase student retention and enhance students success rate..

Keywords:

Educational Platform, Student Attendance Management, Quiz Management System, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Face Verification, Students Alert System.

Full Text:

References:

  1. N. Team. (13/9/2017). https://www.nwea.org/professional-development/formative-assessment-professional-development
  2. J. Vilas, K. Sandhya, K. Amruta, and S. Supriya, "Raspberry Pi-Based Educational Bluetooth Quizzing Application for Android Phone," International Journal of Advances in Electrical Power System and Information Technology (IJAEPSIT), vol. 1, 2015.
  3. M. Hosein, "Using Wireless Technology for Quick Distribution of Wireless and Mobile Course Notes and Other Resources," GSTF Journal on Computing (JoC), vol. 4, 2015.
  4. M. Hosein and L. Bigram, "AN EDUCATIONAL BLUETOOTH QUIZZING APPLICATION IN ANDROID," International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, vol. 5, p. 69, 2013.
  5. C. O. Akinduyite, A. Adetunmbi, O. Olabode, and E. Ibidunmoye, "Fingerprint-Based Attendance Management System," Journal of Computer Sciences and Applications, vol. 1, pp. 100-105, 2013.
  6. S.-H. Park and B.-C. Moon, "The development of attendance management system using the RFID," Journal of The Korean Information Science Society, vol. 11, 2007.
  7. J. Ramakrishnan and M. Ramakrishnan, "An efficient automatic attendance system using fingerprint reconstruction technique," arXiv preprint arXiv:1208.1672, 2012.
  8. W.-B. Lee, "A Attendance-Absence Checking System using the Self-organizing Face Recognition," The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, vol. 10, pp. 72-79, 2010.

DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.81003

Dynamic RFID Data Filtering and Application

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Khaled Mohammed1

Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 48-60

Abstract:

Radio-frequency Identification “RFID” Technology uses the radio frequency waves to transfer the RFID data between RFID readers and tags which are used to identify objects/ employees without line of sight. The RFID data which is captured by the tag reader may contain false readings, noise, and duplicates which implies data filtering and cleaning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient processing algorithms of RFID data. This paper presents a dynamic technique to filter the RFID data, eliminate duplicates and filter noise. Data filtering during employee identification in the workplace enhances the performance of employee attendance management systems. The proposed system compared to De-noising and duplication Elimination approach under different arrival rates at a rate 0.1tag/sec and under the noise rate at rate between 0.085-.01 tag/sec

Keywords:

Filtering technique, Duplicate Elimination, RFID system, De-noising RFID data, Dynamic RFID Data Filtering and Employee Attendance Management

Full Text:

References:

  1. O. Mylyy, "RFID Data management, aggregation and filtering," Hasso lattner Institute at the university of Potsdam, 2006.
  2. C. Floerkemeier, D. Anarkat, T. Osinski, and M. Harrison, "PML core specification 1.0," Auto-ID Center White Paper, 2003.
  3. C. C. Aggarwal and J. Han, "A survey of RFID data processing," in Managing and Mining Sensor Data, ed: Springer, 2013, pp. 349-382.
  4. J. Brusey, C. Floerkemeier, M. Harrison, and M. Fletcher, "Reasoning about uncertainty in location identification with RFID," in Workshop on Reasoning with Uncertainty in Robotics at IJCAI, 2003, pp. 23-30.
  5. H. Vogt, "Efficient object identification with passive RFID tags," in Pervasive computing, ed: Springer, 2002, pp. 98-113.
  6. Y. Bai, F. Wang, and P. Liu, "Efficiently Filtering RFID Data Streams," in CleanDB, 2006.
  7. H. Mahdin and J. Abawajy, "An approach to filtering RFID data streams," in Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks (ISPAN), 2009 10th International Symposium on, 2009, pp. 742-746.
  8. S. Tyagi, A. Ansari, and M. A. Khan, RFID Data Management: INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2010.
  9. S. Tyagi, A. Ansari, and M. A. Khan, "Dynamic threshold based sliding-window filtering technique for RFID data," in Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2010 IEEE 2nd International, 2010, pp. 115-120.
  10. K. Bashir, M.-S. Park, S.-I. Lee, J. Park, W. Lee, and S. C. Shah, "In-network RFID Data Filtering Scheme in RFID-WSN for RFID Applications," in Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ed: Springer, 2013, pp. 454-465.
  11. R. Derakhshan, M. E. Orlowska, and X. Li, "RFID data management: challenges and opportunities," in IEEE International conference on RFID, 2007, pp. 175-182.
  12. H. Kamaludin, H. Mahdin, and J. H. Abawajy, "Filtering Redundant Data from RFID Data Streams," Journal of Sensors, vol. 2016, 2015.
  13. H. Yongsheng and G. Zhijun, "Redundancy removal approach for integrated rfid readers with counting bloom filter," Journal of Computer Information Systems, vol. 9, pp. 1917-1924, 2013.
  14. Z. Ji, Z. Luo, E. Wong, and C. T. X. Peng, "A P2P Collaborative RFID Data Cleaning Model," in Hong Kong the 3rd International Conference on Grid and Pervasive Computing-Workshops2008 IEEE, 2008.

DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.81004

ANALYSING THE RISKS AND RETURNS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY. WHAT AWAITS NOW?

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Jackie Chong Cheong Sin

Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 1-18

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the potential use of the cryptocurrency bitcoin as an investment instrument in Indonesia. The return obtained from bitcoin cryptocurrency is compared to other investment instruments, namely stock returns, gold and the rupiah exchange rate. The research period was carried out based on research data from 2011 to 2020. This study employee compares means test (t test) and analysis of variance (F test) on rate of return of bitcoin investment. The bitcoin return compare to the rate of return form the others investments instruments namely exchange rate, gold and stock. The study collected 120 data of each investments instruments: bitcoin, exchange rate, gold and stock from various of sources during 2011–2020. Then, we calculate the return and risk of individual investment instruments. The results showed that the bitcoin currency had the highest rate of return 18% with a standard deviation of 61% compared to exchange rate, gold and stock returns. While the rate of return for the others investment instruments showed less than 0.5% with standard deviation less than 5%. The rate of return bitcoin has significance difference compare to the rate of return of exchange rate, gold and stock. The study contributes for the investors who would like to invest on bitcoin. The investors should understand the characteristic of bitcoin in term of rate of returns and also the risk. This study also contributes to government of Indonesia on crypto currency development. The Indonesia government should adopt and regulate on crypto currency in the future to secure the investor and economic growth.

Keywords:

Cryptocurrency, Market Analysis, Returns of Cryptocurrency, Cryptocurrency Risk

Full Text:

References:

  1. "Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  2. "Untraceable Electronic Cash" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  3. Pitta, Julie. "Requiem for a Bright Idea". Forbes. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
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  6. "Bitcoin: The Cryptoanarchists' Answer to Cash". IEEE Spectrum. Around the same time, Nick Szabo, a computer scientist who now blogs about law and the history of money, was one of the first to imagine a new digital currency from the ground up. Although many consider his scheme, which he calls "bit gold", to be a precursor to Bitcoin
  7. Jerry Brito and Andrea Castillo (2013). "Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers" (PDF). Mercatus Center. George Mason University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
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  29. Iansiti, Marco; Lakhani, Karim R. (January 2017). "The Truth About Blockchain". Harvard Business Review. Harvard University. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017. The technology at the heart of bitcoin and other virtual currencies, blockchain is an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way.
  30. Park, Sehyun; Im, Seongwon; Seol, Youhwan; Paek, Jeongyeup (2019). "Nodes in the Bitcoin Network: Comparative Measurement Study and Survey". IEEE Access. 7: 57009–57022. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2914098. S2CID 155106629.
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  33. Baraniuk, Chris (3 July 2019). "Bitcoin's global energy use 'equals Switzerland'". BBC News. Retrieved 2 February 2020...
  34. Y. A. Baker El-Ebiary et al., "Blockchain as a decentralized communication tool for sustainable development," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE), 2021, pp. 127-133, doi: 10.1109/ICSCEE50312.2021.9497910.
  35. Y. A. Baker El-Ebiary et al., "Track Home Maintenance Business Centers with GPS Technology in the IR 4.0 Era," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE), 2021, pp. 134-138, doi: 10.1109/ICSCEE50312.2021.9498070.
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  37. J. A. Jusoh et al., "Track Student Attendance at a Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Location-Finding Technology," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE), 2021, pp. 147-152, doi: 10.1109/ICSCEE50312.2021.9498043.
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  39. Y. A. B. El-Ebiary et al., "Determinants of Customer Purchase Intention Using Zalora Mobile Commerce Application," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE), 2021, pp. 159-163, doi: 10.1109/ICSCEE50312.2021.9497995.
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DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.81005

THE DESTABILIZING EFFECTS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY CYBERCRIMINAL

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Jackie Chong Cheong Sin

Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 1-18

Abstract:

This paper investigates the financial market effects of recent cybercriminal in cryptocurrency markets. Hacking events are found to increase both the price volatility of the targeted cryptocurrency and broad cross-cryptocurrency correlations. Further, cybercrime events significantly reduce price discovery sourced within the hacked currency relative to other cryptocurrencies. Finally, abnormal returns in the hours prior to the cybercrime event, revert to zero when news is publicly announced.

Keywords:

Cryptocurrency, Cybercriminal, Returns of Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency Risk, Price volatility, Cryptojacking

Full Text:

References:

  1. Narayanan, Arvind; Bonneau, Joseph; Felten, Edward; Miller, Andrew; Goldfeder, Steven (2016). Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: a comprehensive introduction. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17169-2.
  2. "Blockchain". Investopedia. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016. Based on the Bitcoin protocol, the blockchain database is shared by all nodes participating in a system.
  3. Iansiti, Marco; Lakhani, Karim R. (January 2017). "The Truth About Blockchain". Harvard Business Review. Harvard University. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017. The technology at the heart of bitcoin and other virtual currencies, blockchain is an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way.
  4. Raval, Siraj (2016). Decentralized Applications: Harnessing Bitcoin's Blockchain Technology. O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-1-4919-2452-5.
  5. Park, Sehyun; Im, Seongwon; Seol, Youhwan; Paek, Jeongyeup (2019). "Nodes in the Bitcoin Network: Comparative Measurement Study and Survey". IEEE Access. 7: 57009–57022. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2914098. S2CID 155106629.
  6. Hern, Alex (17 January 2018). "Bitcoin's energy usage is huge – we can't afford to ignore it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  7. Baraniuk, Chris (3 July 2019). "Bitcoin's global energy use 'equals Switzerland'". BBC News. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  8. "Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  9. "Untraceable Electronic Cash" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  10. Pitta, Julie. "Requiem for a Bright Idea". Forbes. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  11. "How To Make A Mint: The Cryptography of Anonymous Electronic Cash". groups.csail.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  12. Law, Laurie; Sabett, Susan; Solinas, Jerry (11 January 1997). "How to Make a Mint: The Cryptography of Anonymous Electronic Cash". American University Law Review. 46 (4). Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  13. "Bitcoin: The Cryptoanarchists' Answer to Cash". IEEE Spectrum. Around the same time, Nick Szabo, a computer scientist who now blogs about law and the history of money, was one of the first to imagine a new digital currency from the ground up. Although many consider his scheme, which he calls "bit gold", to be a precursor to Bitcoin
  14. Jerry Brito and Andrea Castillo (2013). "Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers" (PDF). Mercatus Center. George Mason University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  15. Bitcoin developer chats about regulation, open source, and the elusive Satoshi Nakamoto Archived 3 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, PCWorld, 26 May 2013
  16. Wary of Bitcoin? A guide to some other cryptocurrencies Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, ars technica, 26 May 2013
  17. "UK launches initiative to explore potential of virtual currencies". The UK News. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  18. "UK regulatory approach to cryptoassets and stablecoins: Consultation and call for evidence" (PDF). HM Treasury. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  19. "China declares all crypto-currency transactions illegal". BBC News. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  20. Lansky, Jan (January 2018). "Possible State Approaches to Cryptocurrencies". Journal of Systems Integration. 9/1: 19–31. doi:10.20470/jsi.v9i1.335. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
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  28. Steadman, Ian (11 May 2013). "Wary of Bitcoin? A guide to some other cryptocurrencies". Ars Technica. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  29. Popper, Nathaniel (1 October 2017). "Understanding Ethereum, Bitcoin's Virtual Cousin (Published 2017)". The New York Times.
  30. "Ethereum Upgrade Adds to Crypto Mania Sparked by Bitcoin's Surge". Bloomberg.com. 25 November 2020.
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Vol. 8 No. 2 - (September 2023)

DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.82001

CRYPTOCURRENCY AND BLOCKCHAIN-TECHNOLOGY IN DIGITAL ECONOMY: UNDERSTANDING THE DEVELOPMENT GENESIS

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Jackie Chong Cheong Sin

Vol. 8, No. 2, September 2023, pp. 1-26

Abstract:

Different types of electronic money as a possible alternative to the existing money have only appeared recently; this has been attracting considerable attention from not only economists but also ordinary citizens who are active users of modern financial services in the global Internet. Studying the nature of cryptocurrencies and the model of institutionalized regulation in foreign countries will allow to understand this phenomenon in more detail with the subsequent goal of creating and developing a digital economy and ensuring financial and economic safety in the modern world and the national financial systems. The emergence of cryptocurrencies is one of the key reasons of the growing demand for global social economic changes due to the modern information and telecommunication technologies actively developing in different spheres of modern life (or, to put it in less radical terms, a complex of institutional reforms). The citizens’ level of trust towards the state decreases worldwide, with the decrease rates depending on the region. The most progressive part of society is in favour of replacing the state with a group of service companies competing against each other. In view of this, not only the so-called public contract, but also the entire international institutional and legal system are facing serious changes. However, decentralized systems are one of the key tools to implementing these evolutionary changes. This study has considered the main milestones in the development of cryptocurrencies. The economic essence of digital (fiat) money and cryptocurrencies is analysed, a comparative characteristic is given. The features of state regulation of cryptocurrencies in Australia are studied. The analysis of legal regulation in Great Britain is carried out. The experience of state regulation in the European Union is studied. The main stages of development of state regulation in China, the USA and Ukraine are investigated. The measures of legal regulation in the USA are considered. The stages of development of the relations between the Bitcoin community and the supervisory authority of Ukraine represented by the National Bank of Ukraine are analysed in the context of legal regulation. The main initiatives and proposals of legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation are studied in detail. Additionally, we have carried out a SWOT analysis of cryptocurrencies based on the conducted research. We have described the specifics of safely using cryptocurrencies (from FATF’s standpoint). We have considered the algorithm of the schematic diagram for ensuring financial and economic safety by institutional measures while using the blockchain technology. We have hypothesized that the inertia of the money mass depends on the economy. Studying the regulation of cryptocurrencies in foreign countries, we have found certain similarities. Firstly, each country seeks to create a favourable climate for the development of the latest digital technologies (blockchain) and sees the high potential of using technologies in the private as well as in the public sector. Secondly, the market of cryptocurrencies is growing at high rates and the state, and by failing to adapt the tax code to the challenges of modern digital economy, the state’s budget receives less income as cryptocurrencies are out of legal jurisdiction. Thirdly, more than a thousand of various cryptocurrencies exist today, therefore, it is necessary to develop uniform standards of regulation of cryptocurrencies. We have shown that the majority of the countries have declared the creation of the national cryptocurrency, with two parallel scenarios ensuing: on the one hand, it is necessary to regulate the circulation of the cryptocurrencies emitted earlier and to identify them as «digital goods / tool» within the legal framework; on the other hand, it is necessary to discover and investigate the advantages of simulating national cryptocurrencies. Based on the evolution of cryptocurrencies and blockchain, we have analysed the problems of the formation of digital economy, and have outlined the directions for further research.

Keywords:

Cryptocurrency, Digital Economy, Electronic Money, Bitcoin, Blockchain, Development Genesis

Full Text:

References:

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DOI

Paper Title

10.21058/gjecs.2023.82002

APPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY BEYOND CRYPTOCURRENCY

Author Name

Volume No., Issue No., Year, & Page No.

Jackie Chong Cheong Sin

Vol. 8, No. 2, September 2023, pp. 1-26

Abstract:

The idea of a blockchain was first conceived as the mechanism supporting Bitcoin. To solve the double-spending problem associated with digital currencies, Satoshi Nakamoto devised an immutable ledger of transactions that chains together block of data using digital cryptography. While the idea works extremely well for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, there are loads of other useful applications of blockchain technology. This paper will discuss the 15 of them. To date, there are roughly 6,700 cryptocurrencies in the world that have a total market cap around $1.6 trillion, with Bitcoin holding a majority of the value. These tokens have become incredibly popular over the last few years, with one Bitcoin equalling $60,000. The research found that Blockchain applications go far beyond cryptocurrency and bitcoin. With its ability to create more transparency and fairness while also saving businesses time and money, the technology/application is impacting a variety of sectors in ways that range from how contracts are enforced to making government work more efficiently.

Keywords:

Bitcoin, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Technology, Applications, Electronic Money

Full Text:

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